Archaeology Quotations - Quote Collection about the Past

Archaeology Quotations - Quote Collection about the Past A Douglas Adams on the importance of subsistence.Anonymous movie goers at Raiders of the Last Ark.Arioti and Oxby on the false opposition between food predation and food production.Jane Austen (as Catherine Morland) on the torment of reading history. B Paul G. Bahn on Pleistocene art.Paul G. Bahn on bluffing your way to being an archaeologist.Zainab Bahrani on looting at the Iraqi National Museum.Kage Baker imagines Flinders PetrieChris Ballard on holding out against closure.J. G. Ballard on his fears for the future.Keith Bassett on the New Intellectual.Charles Baudelaire on the pleasure we derive.Charles Austin Beard describes Hari Seldon. Charles Austin Beard on seeing stars.Max Beerbohm on the work of art that is the Past.Ruth Benedict on the purpose of anthropology.John Berger on the effects of postmodernism.Henry Bergson on present effects.Robert L. Bettinger on the persistence of crackpots..Ambrose Bierces definition of History.Ambrose Bierce defines the Past.Lewis Binford on why hell never be a quote of the week.A tip on museum management from Bob Ray.Barbara Bocek on bioturbation.Nurit Bird-David on hunter-gatherers.Tsianina Blackstone on what good friends archaeologists make.Bonnichsen and Steele on why the New World Entr ada is so fascinating. C. Loring Brace on whats wrong with standardized tests. C. Loring Brace et al. on the chimerical concept of race. Edward M. Bruner on post-modernist interpretations of tourism.Edward Bulwer Lytton on archaeology and historical romancesOctavia E. Butler (as Lauren Oya Olamina) on letting the past go.A.S. Byatt on forms and forcesLord Byron on the usefulness of the past. C Calvin on why hell choose not to be an archaeologist.William Calvin on the human minds Big Bang.Howard Carter on the good old days.Edward Hallet Carr on historys dialogue.Matt Cartmill on why he became a scientist.C.W. Ceram on archaeologys grandiose tasks.John Chapman on the archaeology of war in the Balkans.Douglas Charles on wearing different shades.Anubha Charan on digging up holy places.Cicero on children.Geoffrey Clark on NAGPRAs fatal flaw.Grahame Clark on wasting ones life.David Clarke on the immutability of archaeology..Michael Coe on small favors.Confucius on diligence.Cyril Connolly on the sweet smell of the past.Norman Cousins with an alarming metaphor.George Cowgill on reasonable alternativesDonald Crabtree on the beauty of projectile point technology.Susan Crate on climate change and advocacyO.G.S. Crawford on the future of archaeology. D Glyn Daniel gets a fit of the giggles.Clarence Darrow on what is wrong with history.Charles Darwin on useful observations.Robertson Davies on archaeologists and domestic architectureKathleen Deagan on the ethnic stew that is Latin America.Warren DeBoer on experiencing Cahokia archaeologyStephen Dedalus (James Joyce) on how he feels about history.Emily Dickinson on an armed past.Tom Dillehay on the first people in South America.Robert A. Dodgshon on the end of time.John Dryden on what has been.A classic insult from Alexandre Dumas (pere)Finley Peter Dunne on why the past looks so good.Will Durant on geological consent.Will Durant on clever things to say. E Abba Eben on men behaving wisely.Albert Einstein on the cosmic religious experiences of scienceLoren Eiseley on melancholy secretsT. S. Eliot on historys cunning passagesRalph Waldo Emerson on personal preferences.Ralph Waldo Emerson on the end of the human race.Ralph Waldo Emerson on what Varnish is not.Clark Erickson on appropriate technology and sustainable agriculture. F Brian Fagan on who really owns the past.Christine Finn on votive offerings at Chaco Canyon.Laurence Flanagan on the rationality of our forebears.K. V. Flannery on killing our informants.Kent Flannery on fun with your pants onKent Flannery on what the world wants from archaeologyLars Fogelin on tempering the imagination.Foley and Lahr on sweet studies .Henry Ford on why history is bunk.Allie Fox on evolutions little joke. G Donna Gabaccia on the immigrant paradigm.Joan Gero on distinguishing the past from the present.Michael Goodchild on maintaining intellectual depth.Stephen J. Gould on creationism.Maxim Gorky on taking the past for a ride.Paul Grobstein on being progressively less wrong.the Guanzi on understanding the present.John Guare on history and amnesia. H Heinrich Harke and Bettina Arnold on coping with political reality.L. P. Hartley on our alien past.William Least Heat-Moon on the lack of yesterdays on the road.Robert Heinlein on the effects of ignoring history.Robert Heinlein on human capabilities.Edward F. Ned Heite on dirty truthsPatrick Henry on the lamp guiding his feet.Heinrich Himmler on doing archaeology right.Jennfier Hochschild on true science.Oliver Wendell Holmes on how humans are omnibuses.John Hoopes on the future of the past.Terry Hunt on the genocide on Easter IslandTerry Hunt and Carl Lipo on the Rapa Nui Effect.David Hurst-Thomas on the meaning of discovery.Aldous Huxley on living high.T. H. Huxley on choosing ones grandfather.Hypatia of Alexandria on preparation for tomorrow. I W. R. Inge on why history is a terrific occupation.Von Igelfeld (Alexander McCall Smith) on German archaeologyGlynn Isaac on overextending our enthusiasmEddie Izzard on small wallsEddie Izzard on the Time Team J Shirley Jackson on why theres always been a lottery.Randall Jarrell on seeing the world through gold-colored glasses.B. S. Johnson (Terry Pratchett) on the future of architecture.Andrew Jones on perceiving the Neolithic. Indiana Jones on why archaeology will never make a good movie plot.James Joyce (as Stephen Dedalus) on how he feels about history.Rosemary Joyce on the illusory Ancient Maya. K Timothy Kaiser on the politics of archaeology in the BalkansAlice Beck Kehoe on the tolerance of ambiguity.Walt Kelly on the view behind us.Khufus Law for projects worth doing well.Gusti Kollman on historic ironies.A. L. Kroeber on the charm of anthropology. L Stephen H. Lekson on influential mythologies.Jill Lepore on history in seven words.Tea Leoni on how she almost became an anthropologist.Levi-Strauss on the value of the past.Sinclair Lewis on authenticity among scientists.Nathan Light on the mental prison of modern myths.Penelope Lively on howling landscapes.Kristin Lord and Vaughn Turekian on the Diplomacy of ScienceWhat George Lucas said when he first saw Tikal.R. Lee Lyman on a seat at the high table in anthropology M Domenica Macdonald [Alexander McCall Smith] on the soft life of some anthropologists.Renà © Magritte on the odors of the present.Max Mallowan on why Agatha Christie married him.Mao ZeDong on the struggles of society.Tommaso Marinetti on our most dangerous prevaricator.William H. Marquardt on unearthing support for archaeology.Lisa Maurizio on the meaning of the Oracle at Delphi.A Maya elder on the importance of remembering the past.Alexander McCall Smith (Prof. Von Igelfeld) on German archaeologyJohn C. McEnroe on discussing the pastHerman Melville on the textbook of tyrants.Lynn Meskell on the hope for archaeology.Catherine Morland [Jane Austen] on the torment of reading historyMargaret Murray on a welter of flint chips. N Nicholas and Bannister on who owns the futureNietzsche on the chain of the past. O Lauren Oya Olamina (Octavia E. Butler) on letting the past go.Michael Ondaatje on unsafely settled places.George Orwell on the control of the past.George Orwell on generational conflicts. P Camille Paglia on voyages to the past.Camille Parmesan asks why climate change is insurmountable.William Penn on living with the moderns.Ezra Pound on Kulchur.Philip Phillips on New World variations.Wendell Phillips on the roots of revolution.Plutarch on the difficulty of history.Poyer and Kelly on mystification of the Mikea.Adrian Praetzellis on tolerating ambiguity.Praetzellis on having too much fun.Terry Pratchett on the future of architecture.Ptahhotep on the limits of skill. R Joseph Ransdell on the new conception of science.Adrienne Rich on journeys into the past.Clara Dice Roe demonstrates the problems with oral history.Unnamed Roman Emperor on the good life.John Ruskin Laying Stone on StoneSteve Russell on the meaning of the repatriation movement. S Jeremy Sabloff on archaeologys role models.Carl Sagan on painful lessons learned.Carl Sandburg on archaeological treasures.Simon Schama on why historians are doomed.Arthur Schlesinger on historys effect on the present.Heinrich Schliemann on the case for Hasserlik.J. William Schopf on the importance of pond scum.Carmel Schrire on why she became an archaeologist.Sellar and Yeatman on what history is.Will Shakespeare on prophesies.Moishe Shokeid on melding anthropologist and informant.Sir Philip Sidney on why poets are better than historians.Maxine Singer on the thread that holds us together.Bruce D. Smith on niches and domesticationSusan Sontag on vanishing beauty.Captain Spauldings (Groucho Marx) greatest contribution to scienceStephen Spender on wooden shipsJohn Steinbeck on the literature of science.John Lloyd Stephens on the moral effect of Maya monuments.Clarice Stasz Stoll on collective forgetfulness.Lawrence Straus on interpreting genetic data.Christine Sullivan on the real adve ntures of Indiana Jones. T T. R. Talbott on the dark and stormy end of the Ice Man.Sarah Tarlow on negotiating between rocks and a whirlpool.R. E. Taylor on the two cultures.Walter Taylor in mid-diatribe, quotes Linda Ellerbee.Paul Theroux on evolutions little joke.Henry David Thoreau on unremarkable history.Henry David Thoreau on what to do with ambitious boobies.A. J. Toynbee on using history well.Bruce Trigger on the implications of multiple standpoints. V Voltaire on the foundations of history.Voltaire on Ancient TricksVon Igelfeld (Alexander McCall Smith) on German archaeology W Anthony F. C. Wallace asks When is Now?Mary Webb on what is invisible and muteKenneth Weiss on defining evolutionKenneth Weiss on finding hybridsE. B. White on the future of readingAlfred North Whitehead on why knowing the past is useful.James Whitley on fishy ideas.Walt Whitman on the teeming gulf, the infinite greatness of the past.Oscar Wilde on inalienable privileges.Oscar Wilde on our duty to history.Oscar Wilde on the value of archaeologyKate Wilhelm on living with the past.Howard Winters on civilizations components.Leonard Woolley on the effects of business.J.A.A. Worsaae on taking ones country seriously.Ronald Wright on the fascination of cannibalism. X Malcolm X on the value of memory. Y Yasumaro on the teachings of the ancients.

The raise of Taxes at the United States

The raise of Taxes at the United States Abstract This essay will look at the effect of a change in tax rate in an economy. Based on the current economic and financial crisis relationships with be established on taxation with work incentives, labor productivity, investment decisions, budget and the rich so as to make informed opinion.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The raise of Taxes at the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When an economy is facing a crisis, it adjusts its tax system as policy to rectify the deficit in the economy. For instance, United States has been hardly hit by the economic crisis and is contemplating on increasing taxes for the rich. The change in taxation has both positive and negative effects. Introduction The current economic and financial crisis has adversely affected all the countries in the world. Those that have been hard hit by the crisis include the United States of America and European countries. Other countries, especially developing countries are suffering from the spill over effects. In United States, the effects of this crisis have been evident in various sectors of the economy. The country has been hit by high rates of employment with nearly ten million people registering for the unemployment benefits. The number of people registering in job search centers has increased, with fresh graduates taking the highest percentage. The economy has failed to create new jobs, with jobs lay off mounting by the day. Most industries are streaming their workforce since they cannot adequately meet their needs, such as paying salaries and other benefits. The situation has rendered a high percent of the populace jobless, with most of them having difficulties in paying their bills. Those who are unable to meet their bills have resorted to pegging in streets so at least to get something to sustain them. The suffering of most Americans has not gone unnoticed, with the President Barack Obama const antly giving an account of government progress on how the crisis is being handled. The most recent announcement by the President is an increase in the rate of tax for the rich. The tax raise among the rich will lead to an increase in national revenue that can then be used to create jobs at national levels. This move has elicited controversy, with some supporting while others attack the move as inappropriate. It is like taking from those who are rich and distributing it to those who are poor. Despite raising taxes for the rich, taxes for foreign people should be lowered. Discussion Taxation is a fiscal policy tool that government can use in order to have a balanced fiscal budget. The government to attain certain objectives like full employment, price stability and economic growth normally uses fiscal policy. Other policy tools that can be used include printing of money, sell of fixed assets, internal or external borrowing as well as consumption of fiscal reserves.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When a government is facing huge deficits, tax revenue can be raised by increasing the tax rates. Taxation is a tool that can be used to rescue an economy facing difficult times. Proper design of a tax policy can be a panacea to the prevailing economic hard times such as unemployment. United State has sought to follow Germany’s way to rescue its economic from adverse effects of its current debt position. Economist asserts that the only way in which an economy can reverse a crisis is using an expansionary fiscal policy. This will solve the issue of fiscal budget imbalance, unemployment and ‘crowding out’ effect. Conversely, high taxes will look out private companies from investing in the country because of the cost of production which will translates to higher commodity prices. It will be hard for businesses to carry out bus iness in countries with high tax rates. This is because it will render most establishments less competitive in the global market. To encourage foreign investment tax rates should be reduced for them and sometimes coupled with tax havens, allowances and subsidies, this will encourage them to take up their new investment in the economy (Kivel, 2002). Taxation and work incentives When there is an increase in the rate of income tax, the effect will be that the post-tax income of individuals will reduce. This is because the net income resulting from each hour of work will be lower. The move might encourage workers to increase their number of working hours to meet their target income. On the other hand, an increase in tax might be used as a disincentive to promote less work. The government normally sets a lower income tax rate for low-income employees. This will act as an incentive for workers to do their job for long hours and earn more money. Low taxes on low-income earners serve as a t ool of reducing ‘poverty trap’ risks where individuals will get high net financial benefits from their work. When tax reforms are favorable, it leads to an increase in supply of labor thus a reduction in unemployment equilibrium rate hence, the growth rate will increase. Taxation and the pattern of demand Demand patterns for goods and services vary as indirect taxes are changed. When value added taxes (VAT) on commodities such as alcohol and cigarettes increase, it is aimed at causing a low consumption among consumers or a substitution effect. The result will be a low demand for such commodities. Indirect taxation can be applicable where there is a total market failure, as well as when the government wants to ensure equitable distribution of resources such as health care.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The raise of Taxes at the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Taxation and invest ment decisions When the rates of business taxes and corporate tax are low, this can stimulate a business to increase its spending in fixed capital investment. An increase in investment will mean that the capital stock of a nation has increased thus an increase in capital stock of every worker employed (Mankiw, 2011). Government can use incentives such as tax allowances to boost research and development and in encouraging new business developments. A tax regime that is favorable will attract increased inflow of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). This will be a stimulus that will benefit an economy’s aggregate supply and aggregate demand. Low rates of corporation tax will attract huge amounts of private investment. Tax changes act as a stimulus of investment in capital assets, social infrastructure, and labor force skills as well as in technology. A good tax system will ensure an improvement in infrastructure, which is essential for economic growth through increased production an d competitiveness. Government spending can be terms of development of an education system that is skills oriented and technology focused. This will ensure a steady long-term supply of human resources (Dye, 2011). Company’s risk attitude and corporate income tax are the main factors that are considered by an organization before making an investment decisions, this is because this factors can affect the rate of return on investment. Amount of corporate tax to be paid is an important factor that is taken into consideration before making a financial investment decision. This is because low taxes will mean lower prices for goods and higher revenue generated. The Rich Should Pay More For equal sacrifice and fairness among citizens, those individuals who benefited from favorable economic times such as boom, rescue packages among others should find it necessary to shoulder the costs that arise from a crisis. There willingness will save the economy from suffering the worst effects of a crisis that a time may spill over to drain resources of the rich. This argument looks at increasing government revenue through an increase in income as well as an increase in capital gains tax. This was illustrated by Germany’s case after the World War II where legislation was passed which mandated financial compensation to gather for loses that arises during the war. This lead to a creation of tax on property and capital, this law was applicable to individuals who still possess substantial assets after the war. The law required them to pay half of their asset worth to a compensation fund over a period of thirty years. In case of United States, an increase in tax has no chance any time soon. The reason being the required budget consolidation should occur on the expenditure part. This will imply a reduction in government expenditure and this will have adverse effects on the economy. On the other hand, an increase in income tax disproportionately has an effect on higher earne rs. The impact of high tax on the rich is minimal because large proportions of their income go to savings while minimal amounts are spent (Blinder Baumol, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More United States cannot undertake spending cuts since it will adversely affect their growth. This is because the economy is spending less on infrastructure, education and social transfers. For other countries that are facing similar crisis, an increase in government revenue will serve the country better. Therefore, if Americans refuse to contribute more to their economy through tax, they will suffer from a middling economy. Conclusion Taxation as an expansionary fiscal policy is applicable when an economy is facing difficult economic times, where the government spending exceeds its revenue significantly. The current financial and economic crisis has led to increase of tax rates to generate more revenue. The revenue generated is ploughed back to the economy to offset the high standing levels of debts. Increased tax will hurt the economy in terms of reducing the disposable income of consumer and investment income for companies. Individuals will be left with insufficient money to spend he nce a decline in aggregate demand. The rich should make a greater sacrifice to shoulder the costs that have accrued due to a crisis as the low-income earners still pay their tax at the usual lower rates. Poor economic standing of an economy will imply that sectors such as education, health care, communication, physical infrastructure among others will suffer, yet they are the main drivers of economic growth. A good tax system should be developed to realize economic progress. Good taxation we stimulate accumulation of capital stock in the economy in terms of new industries being set up and new technology adopted. This will ensure that the rate of unemployment reduces with a significant margin. Increase the tax rates for the rich will increase the revenue base of a country with the money generated channeled towards job creation in the economy. An economy in a crisis should receive compensation from those who benefited from it during good times such as times of rescue package, social t ransfers and boom. The wealthier should make huge sacrifices in terms of tax payment even though the burden may be overwhelming. A good tax system should act as a magnet for attracting foreign investors through the provision of tax haven for newly established industries. This will encourage foreign investors in the country; hence help in solving the problem of unemployment. References Blinder, A. S., Baumol, W. J. (2011). Macroeconomics: Principles and Policy. New York: Cengage Learning. Dye, T. R. (2011). Understanding Public Policies (13th ed.). Boston: MA Pearson. Kivel, P. (2002). Uprooting racism: how white people can work for racial justice. New York: New Society Publishers. Mankiw, N. G. (2011). Principles of Economics. New York: Cengage Learning.

Differentiating Between Market Structures Essay

Differentiating Between Market Structures - Essay Example The attraction of the consumers is ensured through high quality products. The products where the company specializes in are not available easily in the market and therefore the company has the opportunity to cement the consumer base. The company can thus control the bargaining power of the consumers. The needs of the consumers can be readily analyzed and they are assisted in taking the advantage of the buying opportunities. The customers are driven towards the shops with the help of the discounts offer. The supply chain managers of the company can recognize the importance of the customers in their business. They are aware that attracting more customers will involve more sales which in turn mean more revenue and profits. The customers are retained through the modes of product variety and low costs. The services offered are efficient and ensures that customers do not queue up in the shops of the competitors. The customer loyalty has been gained by the company through the modes of custo mer retention and widening up more opportunities for the customers which increases the customer sovereignty and the customers have the option to choose the products that suit their preferences. Competitors never got the chance to drive away consumers from Kedler Fine Foods. In order to compete effectively the competitors are forced to make additional expenses in terms of marketing and advertisements. Competitive strategies Branding ensures that the customers associated with the company believe in innovation and quality. The customers want value for money and so the company engages in providing top quality support to them. The efficient delivery system has paved the way for higher profits while the lack in innovation can lead to reduced sales and revenue. The company has been able to invent new product styles and effective delivery system upon placement of orders. Internet marketing is the strategy that was adopted by the company to promote the products. The website offers informatio n on a variety of products, details on delivery system and some other information that may be necessary for the customers (Porter, 1985). The online customer relationship is an effective way of managing the business and to deal with the customers in prompt fashion. Positioning is a strategy that tends to increase profits. The company enjoys the top position in offering fine quality products to the customers who demand quality with competitive prices. The company targets the middle class customers and focuses to cement the customers’ base with time. Market Structure The company operates in the market of perfect competition. A large number of small firms comprise the market for perfect competition. Each firm is small compared to the entire market. The comprising firms set the identical products. The customers as well as the firms are well informed about the prices. In the short run the firms can change only the variable factor namely labor. The other decisions are predetermined . In the long run the firms have the potential to change their scale. In the short run when the existing price is less than the average cost curve it is better for the firm to close down. Several buyers are present in this market. The market offers products that are substitutable. There are no barriers to entry and therefore provides a level playing field for the new entrants (Etro, 2009). The forces of demand and supply determine the prices of the products and since the company under

Retail Analytics Report Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Retail Analytics Report - Statistics Project Example The number of male and female respondents from Jones Plc is 37 and 33 respectively. On the other hand, the number of male and female respondents from Farmhouse is 23 and 35 respectively. The average weekly wage considering the three companies was 353.9990 with the highest paying company offering $678 weekly wage; while the lowest paid worker earned $123 per week. When asked if they enjoy their job; 4 of the respondents strongly disagreed, 21 disagreed, 69 neither disagreed nor agreed, 83 agreed while 23 of the respondents agreed to enjoy their job. It is clear that those who agreed to enjoying their jobs were many than those who were not enjoying their jobs in the three companies. In terms of how well the respondents work well with the other colleagues; there was quite a positive results with those who agreed and strongly agreed were 70 and 21 respectively. This was great compared to those who strongly agreed (1) and disagreed (24) while those undecided stood at 84. However, it was i nteresting to note that most of the respondents don’t gel on well with other colleagues. According to the results, 14 and 87 of the respondents strongly disagreed and disagreed respectively to getting on well with others. This number is significantly high as compared to 21 who agreed and 7 of the respondents who strongly agreed. It is worth noting that despite most of the respondents agreeing to enjoy their work; quite a number also agreed that their work is not that challenging. 23 of the respondents strongly disagreed that their work is challenging while 71 of the respondents disagreed that their work is challenging. This number is high as compared 23 who agreed and 9 who strongly disagreed. However, 74 of the respondents were neutral on the issue. This result is quite familiar when asked if their work is interested. In this category, 15.9% and 1.5% stated that they disagreed and strongly disagreed respectively that their work is interesting. On the

CURRENT ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CURRENT ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT - Essay Example that organizational crisis can be averted or at least minimized through managerial strategies that are visionary in their perspectives (Simola, 2003; Cheney & Christenson, 2000; Pearson, & Clair, 1998; Seeger, Sellnow, & Ulmer, 1997). It is important that strategic planning involves more proactive and innovative measures to meet the exigencies of competitive business. Scholars have asserted that irrational decisions in business are often motivated by false judgment, escalated commitment to previous course of actions where managerial leadership may be driven by financial investment, time and belief that something better would emerge (Bazerman and Moore 2008; Staw & Fox, 1977). The various social researches have revealed that organizations are willing to take risks and make decisions to avoid losses rather than with the desire to make profit. (Hallahan, 1999; Beach, 1997; Bailey & Alexander, 1993; Pease, Bieser & Tubbs, 1993; Frisch, 1993; McDaniel & Sistrunk, 1991; Devine, 1990; Fagley & Miller, 1987; Bazerman, 1984). Shapiro, Slywotzky and Tedlow (2000) believe that key factor that sustain the performance of the organizations through thick and thin are their strong leadership. Nutt (1990) believes that flexibility of approach and initiative in decision making is vital part of leadership as ‘strategic choices are influenced by the manager’s decision style’. Hence, the leaders who are able to make tough decisions and implement changes are able to revitalize the business. In competitive business environment, exemplary leadership effectively links the data, information and knowledge within the organizational goals to overcome hard times and gain competitive advantage. The organization must incorporate more aggressive but people friendly management strategies that encourage trust building amongst the work force for improved organizational results. The paper would analyze the various elements of change management and the role of strategic thinking and planning

Antigone, by Sophocles | Analysis

Antigone, by Sophocles | Analysis Antigone is a tragedy book written by Sophocles with a protagonist named Antigone who is very determined towards her only goal of burying her dead brother Polynices as mentioned in the play. At the other side full of contrast and with a different point of view is the book House of the spirits. House of spirits is a magnificent marathon of the Trueba family including their ambitions and their love for each other. In order to enable the readers continue reading to the very end of the whole book, their attention needs to be captured and allow whatever they are reading to be understood and interesting. And for all this to be done, the reader should be involved in the story emotionally ensuring that the reader is fully in the book and not to be fully lost in the story. This is where the writers take the advantage of using emotions which makes a reader feel closer to certain characters and understand each and every thing the writer is trying to portray. Emotions!! We all have different definitions and ways of what it is. According to the dictionary, emotion is a mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes. Therefore, in simpler terms, emotion is the language of a persons internal state of being. There are different types of emotions which may include joy, love, sad etc. There are various emotions present in both the books Antigone and House of the Spirits. The emotion portrayed most of the times in each of the books is Love. As a reader, we repeatedly see the emotion of love in House of the Spirits between Blanca and Pedro, Rosa and Esteban. The emotion of love is also present in Antigone between Antigone and Haemon. There is also brother-sister love presented in the play through Antigone and the dead brother Polynices. The other emotion present in both the books is emotion of hate. According to the dictionary, hate is defined as the feeling for extreme aversion or extreme hostility towards something or someone. The emotion of hate in Antigone is brought about through King Creon towards the protagonist Antigone. Throughout the play, we see King Creons hatred for the protagonist Antigone in one way or the other. Creon expresses his disgust for Antigone when she goes against him and buries her brother and argues back that she was right in doing what she had done and wasnt at all guilty, oh but I hate it even more when a traitor, caught red-handed tries to glorify his crimes.Such a harsh usage of the word hate emphasizes on how much he hates his own niece. Emotion of hate is also present in the novel House of the spirits. We see hatred from Ferula towards Esteban when he is chasing her from his house. I set my curse on you, Esteban; you will always be alone! Your body and soul will shrivel up and youll die like a dog. Reading this quote explains us how much other people are hurt through Estebans hate. There is also an emotion of pity present in the play Antigone and the novel house of spirits. This is represented at the beginning of the play through a conversation between Antigone and her sister Ismene. During the conversation, we get to know that the two sisters lost their father in a certain battle and their brothers at the same time and then we as the readers come to know that one of the brothers, Polynices, has been left unburied. And this makes us feel pity for the two sisters. There is an emotion of desire in both House of spirits and Antigone. Desire is a sense of jones within the mind, when the soul has a hungry requirement for a specific item. And in Antigone, we see this through King Creon desiring power. Through the play we see King Creons desire for power being expressed straightly through his words, That these two sisters were aiming at my throne. We see King Creon accusing the two sisters of trying to steal his power. And moreover his overwhelming desire made him think and believe that all the things happening are plans to gain his power. We experience the emotion of desire repeatedly in the novel house of the spirits through different characters. In the start, we feel Estebans desire to gain a better living standard to gain Rosa. Those were difficult times. I was about twenty-five then, but I felt as if I had only a little life left ahead of me to build my future and attain the position that I wanted. I worked like a beast and the few times I sat down to rest, not by choice but forced by the tedium of Sunday afternoons, I felt as if I were losing precious moments of my life: each idle minute meant another country away from Rosa. This clarifies that Esteban desired Rosa from his whole heart. After which we see his desire to rescue Alba from the government. There was also Blancas desire for Pedro Tercero and Esteban Garcias desire to be the heir of Esteban Trueba. Guilt is a powerful emotion because it makes people act differently than they normally act. There is also an emotion of guilt which is involved in both the play and the novel. In house of spirits, we all see that Blanca was forced to marry Jean de Satigny because she was pregnant and had no other option for her forbidden pregnancy and Jean de Satigny had no refusal towards this relationship because he had always wanted to marry a rich, young, beautiful South American heiress. And he knows that accepting this grand offer by Esteban Trueba would enable his dream come true and there was nothing for him to lose and just to gain as he didnt needed any personal fulfillment from Blanca and accepting the offer would certainly lead to advancement in his status. At the other side, emotion of guilt in Antigone is presented in scene 2 when Antigone is caught but she does not believe she has broken a true law. Creon also arrests Ismene, who tries to proclaim her guilt, but Antigone denies her and Antigone is sentenced to death. This is a bit where we experience the emotion of guilt. Emotions play a huge role towards seeking the readers attention. Having emotions in a certain novel or play attracts the readers attention and involves them into the story emotionally and to understand what the writer was trying to portray and understand the character traits by being in their position emotionally. Emotions used both in House of the spirits and Antigone had a grand effect on the readers both mentally and physically. The readers were able to understand each situation very well through the emotions brought about. For reference, in House of spirits, when we read on how Blanca used to escape at nights to meet Pedro, we extrapolate that they love each other basing on how they used to meet. We feel sad for the two sisters in Antigone when we read that they lost their father and both the brothers at the same time and one of them is still left unburied. Emotions enable to bring out the themes of the novel and the play hence allowing more understanding from the readers side. Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest: Literature Review Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest: Literature Review Go back to your writing sample from week one. Remember that it should be written as though for a university assignment. This means adhering to a structure that includes an opening statement, development paragraphs, and a conclusion. It should be no longer than 500 words long. Using Google Scholar or the search engine from your university library, search for five academic sources dealing with the same topic as the one you wrote about; these will have to be relevant to the points you want to make in your writing and support your argument or idea. Include two short quotations and three paraphrases of significant parts of the academic sources you use to support your argument. Add appropriate in-text citations and a reference list, which shows the full records of the 5 cited sources, listed in alphabetical order. Ensure that all your referencing adheres to the Chicago 16th Author-Date system. Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest is having a devastating effect on the environment. The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest on Earth. Covering an area of five and a half million square kilometres, it is composed of a diversity of ecosystems forming the Amazon Basin that drains into the Amazon River. Although deforestation can occur naturally through events such as droughts that cause many trees to die, human intervention is the most prolific cause. Rising population levels within the Amazon basin have contributed to an escalation in the deforestation of the rainforest. This is due to urbanisation and an increased demand for timber to be used in building and commercial production of items such as paper, furniture and palm oil. Deforestation has a negative impact on the local environment of the Amazon. As the forest is removed the soil loses its anchor point and it is steadily eroded, most notably during the wet season. This contributes to the instability of the remaining trees and pollution of local waterways. The physical removal of the trees removes the habitats and food sources of many animal and insect species that live there. In turn this causes a reduction in diversity of the remaining species and a disruption in the ecosystem of the rainforest. (Lean and Warrilow 1989, 411-413). A study was completed which involved simulating the deforestation of the Amazon tropical rainforest, and replacing it with pastural grazing lands. The results showed a climactic variation of a weakened hydrological cycle, with less precipitation and evaporation and an increase in surface temperature. (Lean and Warrilow 1989, 411-413). The importance of the Amazon rainforest in global environmental issues is largely due to its immense size. Terrestrial plants absorb 25% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide emissions are a by-product of natural processes and human interventions such as burning fossil fuels. Through a process known as sequestering the plants store carbon in their wood and soil. The massive scale of the Amazon and its sequestering capabilities leads to it being referred to as a carbon sink: able to slow the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and therefore its contribution to global warming. It can only be classified as this if it absorbs more carbon dioxide than it releases. By 2015 the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide was 400 parts per million, this was an increase from the 290 parts per million level recorded at the turn of the century. (Keenan, Trevor, Colin Prentice, Josep Canadell, Christopher Williams, Han Wang, Michael Raupach and James Collatz 2016.) The deforestation of the Amazon rainforest not only decreases the quantity of carbon able to be stored, it also causes a dramatic increase in the levels of carbon being released into the atmosphere by the dead trees. According to the Global Forest Resources Assessment, Main Report (2010), worldwide deforestation releases almost one billion tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere annually. Although measures are beginning to be implemented to reduce the levels of carbon released into the atmosphere, more needs to be done to prevent levels rising to 600 parts per million-a level the world could reach as early as 2050[m1] (Daniel Grossman 2016, 635). Due to the sheer size of the Amazon rainforest, alterations to its local environment can be felt in other parts of the world. David Werth and Roni Avissar (2002) point out that deforestation in the Amazon has a measurable effect. It can cause a reduction in levels of precipitation and evapotranspiration as well as the formation of clouds. This impact could be felt in several areas around the world, that displayed an increase in the length of their dry seasons. Restoration of the tropical rainforest areas of extensive deforestation could be greatly inhibited due to this increase in temperature and dryness. (Shukra, Nobre and Sellers 1990, 1322-1325). though the numbers are not as high as the ones recorded in the previous decade. Deforestation is the second largest anthropogenic (human-caused) source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Brazil and Indonesia, which had the highest net loss of forest in the 1990s, have significantly reduced their rate of loss, according plays a crucial role in keeping carbon out of our atmosphere, as it naturally absorbs about 28% of the atmospheric carbon emitted by the burning of fossil fuels elsewhere According to Michael Daley, associate professor of environmental science at Lasell College in Newton, Massachusetts, the No. 1 problem caused by deforestation is the impact on the global carbon cycle. Gas molecules that absorb thermal infrared radiation are called greenhouse gases. If greenhouse gases are in large enough quantity, they can force climate change, according to Daley. While oxygen (O2) is the second most abundant gas in our atmosphere, it does not absorb thermal infrared radiation, as greenhouse gases do. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most prevalent greenhouse gas. In 2012, CO2 accounted for about 82 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Trees can help, though. 300 billion tons of carbon, 40 times the annual greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, is stored in trees, according to Greenpeace. [m1]

A Separate Peace :: essays papers

A Separate Peace A Separate Peace is a coming of age novel in which Gene, the main character, revisits his high school and his traumatic teen years. When Gene was a teen-ager his best friend and roommate Phineas (Finny) was the star athlete of the school. Gene was only a mediocre athlete and is always jealous of Finny. They form a Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session which includes jumping from a tree into a river as its initiation. Eventually, Finny falls from the tree fracturing his leg. This leads to Finny’s death and Gene struggle to find himself. The relationship between these two boys proves my thesis statement; a friend and an enemy can be one in the same. The characters of Gene and Finny are as opposite as apples and oranges. Finny is a free spirit and Gene enjoys structure. The main problem though, is that Finny has â€Å"some kind of hold†(9) over Gene. The fact that Gene lets Finny talk him into things troubles Gene. Therefore, when they form the Suicide Society and jump out of the tree it becomes destructive for Gene because he is cutting himself off from the structure that normally runs his life. With all the time commitments to Finny and the society Gene’s grades plummet. He forms the idea that, â€Å"Finny had deliberately set out to wreck my studies.†(45). Since academics are so important to Gene he begins to resent Finny and he feels that he has to get revenge. This anger leads to Gene jouncing Finny out of the tree. The tone of this story changes frequently. Its changes are bases mostly on Genes feelings toward Finny. Gene often has feeling of resentment and uncertainty about their friendship; this creates a negative tone. Finny on the other hand seems to make the mood somewhat whimsical. For example he beets the school swimming record without ever practicing. He also sneaks away to swim and sleep by the ocean. The tone in this novel is important to the theme because Gene longs to have that same whimsical way that Finny has. However, Gene can never accomplish this and he becomes very cynical at times. Symbolism is also very important to this novel. An example of this is the war; it symbolizes several different things. Finny explains to the head master that â€Å"We’re all getting ready for the war†(15)when asked why he was late for dinner.

The Vocabulary Acquisition Of Children Education Essay

A individual ‘s vocabulary is the set of words that they are familiar with. It normally grows and evolves with age and serves as a utile medium for communicating and geting linguistic communication. One ‘s working vocabulary may non be representative of one ‘s entire cognition of a linguistic communication. Vocabulary can be improved by exposure to new linguistic communication information. In mundane conversation we speak of vocabulary in the singular ; we speak of a individual ‘s vocabulary. This is really an simplism. The American Heritage Dictionary defines vocabulary as â€Å" the amount of words used by, understood by, or at the bid of a peculiar individual or group. † Harmonizing to Nation ( I. S. P. Nation 2001 ) , vocabulary acquisition includes three procedures, viz. detecting, retrieval, and originative ( productive ) usage. 1.2 Statement of the job For the first five old ages or so of their childhood, kids are involved in the procedure of geting a significance or unwritten vocabulary -words that they understand when they hear them and that they can utilize in their address. During this period, kids basically do non hold literate vocabularies. Most kids get reading and composing accomplishments upon come ining school. So, for really immature kids, their significances of vocabularies are much larger than their literate vocabularies. Therefore this survey is an effort to look into vocabulary acquisition among kids between one to five old ages old. 1.3 Aims The aim of this survey is: To determine vocabulary acquisition among 1-5 old ages old kids with different background. 1.4 Research inquiries What are the differences between the two kids in term of their vocabulary acquisition? How does the kids ‘s background act upon their English vocabulary acquisition? Does a bilingual kid perform better in their vocabulary acquisition? 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Children Vocabulary Acquisition Broad definition of vocabulary is the cognition of words and word significances. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English defined vocabulary as all words that person knows or uses. Vocabulary acquisition is lingual accomplishment that is truly of import and complex acquired by kids and grownups. For the first five old ages of kids ‘s lives, they are involved in the procedure of geting a significance or unwritten vocabulary which contain words that they understand when they hear them and they can utilize in their day-to-day address ( Pikulski & A ; Templeton, 2004 ) . From a survey done by MacWhinney ( 1998 ) , it appeared that babies learned to go to to and bring forth linguistic communication with easiness, but to get a linguistic communication is non an easy undertaking ( Phythian-Sence & A ; Wagner, 2007 ) . Before kids can larn to pass on with words, their gestures signal an apprehension of linguistic communication. A kid is said to hold acquired vocabulary when he or she non merely merely link spoken sounds with objects and events in the environment, but besides understand that words mention objects and constructs ( Phythian-Sence & A ; Wagner, 2007 ) . Leung ( 1992 ) in her survey explored vocabulary acquisition in unwritten contexts utilizing a repeated read-aloud with kids in kindergarten and first class. She found that read-aloud influenced kids ‘s acquisition of words for familiar constructs, but did non significantly act upon the acquisition of words stand foring unfamiliar constructs ( Phythian-Sence & A ; Wagner, 2007 ) . In short, we can state that kids get new words with and without direct direction with environment influence their acquisition. 2.2 Parents and Economic Background Parents play an of import function in kids ‘s vocabulary acquisition. Parents help their kids learn about objects and actions through day-to-day conversation. At this point of clip, kids already exposed to a scope of vocabulary. Although research clearly stated that parents influenced the vocabulary acquisition of the kids, there are differences whether this occurs across households that vary in instruction and economic background. Hart and Risley ( 1995 ) in their survey found that, kids from lower income households used vocabulary that deficiency of rich content. In that survey, they besides stressed on the differences in kids ‘s vocabulary size due to socioeconomic position and other hazard factors. The consequence in their survey indicated that, kids who have from parents of professionals had a cumulative vocabulary of about 1,100 words, those from working category households had about 650 words, and those from welfare households had merely over 400 words ( Hart & A ; Risley, 1995 ) . Many research found that kids from low-income environments score more ill on steps of phonemic consciousness and vocabulary during preschool and simple school. Raz and Bryant ( 1990 ) found such a strong association between household income, phonemic consciousness, and reading that they concluded that ascertained differences among SES groups in simple school could be explained by differences in consciousness and sensitiveness to phonemes in preschool as cited by Rush ( 1999 ) . Research by Dickinson and Tabors ( 2001 ) has shown that kids reared in lower-SES conditions develop vocabulary and linguistic communication usage more easy than kids from higher-SES families ( Sinatra, 2008 ) . New research done by Rowe and other research workers suggested that the income and instruction degrees of parents are connected to a babe ‘s accomplishments with gesturing, which in bend can bespeak whether a kid will develop strong linguistic communication abilities. Their fin dings showed that during the first session, the kids from high-income families gestured 24 times, compared to 13 gestures from childs in low-income places. Then both groups were tested for vocabulary, the childs from the high-income households scored 117, compared to 93 in the other group ( 2009 ) . 2.3 Bilingualism and Vocabulary Acquisition There are two major beginnings of informations about optimum conditions for L1 vocabulary development: surveies of the place environments in which kids typically get big vocabularies and surveies of instructional patterns that support vocabulary ( Snow & A ; Kim, 2007 ) . These types of informations are of import in back uping the vocabulary acquisition in first linguistic communication. Hart and Risley ( 1995 ) indicated that the best forecasters of immature kids ‘s vocabulary acquisition in L1 are the measure of address heard. Pearson and Fernandez ( 1994 ) suggested that these same characteristics of anticipation in efficient lexical acquisition to be used in bilingual and monolingual kids. Their findings concerned about the importance of the place linguistic communication environment in bilingual babies ‘ vocabulary development ( Snow & A ; Kim, 2007 ) . Apart from that, vocabulary acquisition is thought as holding two constituents which are larning new constructs and larning new phonological signifiers. So, a L2 scholar who has get many lexical points in L1 has the advantage that he or she needs to larn merely the new signifiers in the L2 while a kid who is monolingual has to get both of the constituents in larning lexical points of L2 ( Snow & A ; Kim, 2007 ) . Bilingualism provides the advantages for kids ‘s vocabulary acquisition. Peal and Lambert ( 1962 ) are one of the earlier research workers to happen out the positive effects of intelligence for bilingualism. They conclude that bilingualism consequences in greater mental flexibleness and abstract thought. They besides suggested that bilingualism is non doing ‘confused believing ‘ but its improved thought ( Steinberg & A ; Sciarini, 2006 ) . Quay ( 1992 ) in his survey showed that a Spanish-English bilingual kid acquired a figure of tantamount words in both linguistic communications and so about ever used the words right by linguistic communication context. His survey reported that the bilingual kid used words for which she knew a interlingual rendition equivalent ( that is, words with tantamount significances in the two linguistic communications ) in the appropriate lingual context as cited in ( Nicoladis & A ; Secco, 2000 ) . As cited in Thordardottir, Weismer and S mith ( 1997 ) , Garcia stated that, larning is to be facilitated under a bilingual status compared to a monolingual status in his research sing Empirical surveies of L2 vocabulary acquisition in minority kids geting English ( 1983 ) . 3.0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Subjects The topics for this survey were two kids of 5 year-old. We managed to acquire a brace of kids which was a male child and a miss from the same cultural, Malay. These kids were the pupils of Makmal Taman Asuhan ( MTA ) which located following to Sultan Abdul Samad Library of Universiti Putra Malaysia. They were the pupils from the eventide session. Their background inside informations were stated as below:1 ) Muhammad Haqeem bin Erman ( Subject A )He was born on April 2, 2005 at Putrajaya. He lives at Bandar Baru Bangi. His male parent ‘s name is Erman bin Subri and he is Sarawakian. His female parent is Musliyana binti Mansor and she is a Johorian. His male parent works on his ain while his female parent is a science officer at Institut Biosains UPM. He loves watching televison and his favorite nutrient is egg curry. He is the lone kid in his household. Besides that, he speaks 2 linguistic communications, viz. Malay and English at place and even in schoolroom.2 ) Nuradilla Umair a binti Dalha ( Subject B )She was born on April 17, 2005 at Kajang, Selangor. She lives at Balakong. Her male parent is Dalha bin Abdul Halim while her female parent is Yammah binti Ahmad Ramlan. Her male parent works a clerk at Pejabat Pendaftar UPM. Her female parent is a full-time homemaker. Umaira has three siblings and she is the lone girl in the household. She is rather chatty among her friends. She merely speaks one linguistic communication which is Malay whether at place or in the schoolroom. 3.2 Instruments In order to obtain the informations, we have used slide show presentation which consisted of 40 images. We selected simple images to be presented to the kids so it would non be so hard for them to think. The images are runing from household members, animate beings, nutrient, fruits, transit, stationary and so on. Other than that, we besides used narrative book which contained images in it. Our purpose of utilizing the narrative book was non to inquire them to read the narrative, but we wanted to detect how they used the images in it to state a narrative. 3.3 Data aggregation processs Permission for carry oning this survey was obtained from Jabatan Pembangunan Masyarakat dan Perkembangan Keluarga ( JPMPK ) of Human Ecology Faculty by make fulling in the application signifier. In a hebdomad clip, we managed to acquire the permission from the section and an assignment was set up with the instructor at Makmal Taman Asuhan to happen a suited day of the month to carry on the survey. We did reference to her that we merely need to detect 2 kids in the schoolroom for our survey. As our agencies of roll uping informations was through observation, we used digital camera to enter the activity that we did with the kids. The first thing that we did with them was to compose their names on a piece of paper. Then, we put them together to watch a slide show presentation which has been prepared by us. During this session, both of them were asked to state us what image was shown in the slide show. Following, we used the object available in their schoolroom and asked them the name of the objects. Both old Sessionss were done at the same time for the kids where they need to response to the inquiries on the same clip. After that, we continued with the narrative books. In this session, we asked them to state what image was contained in at that place and make a narrative based on the images that they have seen. In the last session, they were asked to sing any vocal that they knew. 3.4 Data analysis We transcribed the recorded observation into text. We did non transcribe every individual word that the both kids said, but we merely focused on the of import portion. Then, we organized the information into classs which based on the Sessionss that we had with them. There were chiefly 4 classs ; composing ain name, figure of English vocabularies, stating a narrative based on images in the narrative book and numeration Numberss. We analyze the information by utilizing Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and besides we did descriptive analysis. 4.0 RESULT Writing ain name Capable Description A Can compose his ain name with the aid from the interviewer. He seemed to cognize the letters that stood for his name Bacillus Can non compose her ain name yet and did non look to cognize the letters ; merely scribbled on the paper given to her Number of English Vocabularies Stating a Story based on Pictures in the Story Book Capable Description A Focus entirely on depicting the images, non seeking to lucubrate or state a narrative based on the images Bacillus Describe the images every bit good as state a narrative based on the images provided in the narrative book Counting Numbers Capable Numbers A â€Å" One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10s † Bacillus â€Å" Satu, dua, tiga, empat, Lima, enam, lapan†¦ . † 5.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Effect of Bilingualism The consequence showed that Subject A had more English vocabularies compared to Subject B. Tracing back to Subject A ‘s background, he is a bilingual kid where he was brought up in 2 linguistic communications environment. He spoke both Malay and English linguistic communication at place and in the schoolroom. This state of affairs would do him had more exposure to English linguistic communication compared to Subject B. In the other manus, Subject B merely spoke Malay whether at place or in the schoolroom. She could be said as non holding adequate exposure to English linguistic communication. This state of affairs made her non competent in that linguistic communication. However, both topics knew about all the objects shown in the slide show presentation, the lone difference laid in the linguistic communication that they used to call the objects ; whether it was Malay or English. 5.2 Family background Based on the consequence, household background did influence kids ‘s vocabulary acquisition. Subject A ‘s parents have higher educational background compared to subject B ‘s parents as topic A ‘s parents are both diploma undergraduates, his female parent working as science officer at Institute Biosains UPM while his male parent working on his ain. On the other manus, capable B ‘s male parent is working as a clerk at Pejabat Pendaftar UPM and her female parent is a fulltime homemaker. This showed that parents ‘ educational background has influenced the kid ‘s vocabulary acquisition as topic A ‘s parents have the advantages in assisting him to get vocabulary in both linguistic communications. Their educational background has given subject A ‘s more chance to larn two linguistic communications at the immature age. Subject A was exposed to these linguistic communications, Malay and English, so that he can utilize both linguistic commu nications in geting his vocabulary. Subject B ‘s parents educational background is a small spot lower compared to Subject A ‘s parents and they are utilizing merely Malay Language at place, so she did non hold much chance to larn English at place. That ‘s why capable A utilizing Malay Language more when she responded to our inquiries. She had limited vocabulary in English compared to Subject B who was bilingual and had acquired vocabulary in English and Malay Language. Another ground that made topic A has more English vocabulary compared to subject B because topic A is the lone kid in his household, so all the attending will be focused merely on him. He besides socialized with grownups at his place so that he had more vocabulary while capable B ‘s had 3 siblings in her household and she was the lone girl. Capable B did non acquire much attending like topic A because there are another kids in her household. 6.0 Decision Based on the findings and treatment before, it shows that kids ‘s English vocabulary acquisition is influenced by their background. The parents ‘ instruction degree does play a function in finding their kids ‘s vocabulary acquisition. The parents may supply the exposure to their childs so that they can enrich their vocabulary. Other than that, bilingualism besides contributes to vocabulary acquisition in kids. Childs who are bilinguals seem to hold large vocabulary size and this appears as an advantage to them compare to the other kids who are monolinguals. Mentions: Dotinga, R. ( 2009, February 12 ) . Baby Gestures Linked to Vocabulary Development. U.S.News & A ; World Report. Goh, H. S. & A ; Fatimah Hashim. ( 2006 ) . Use of L1 in L2 Reading Comprehension Among Tertiary ESL Learners, 18, 1. Hart, B. , & A ; Risley, T. ( 1995 ) . Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experiences of Young American Children. Baltimore: Rupert brookes. Nicoladis, E. , & A ; Secco, Giovanni ( 2000 ) . The function of a kid ‘s productive vocabulary in the linguistic communication pick of a bilingual household. First Language, 20, 3-28. Phythian-Sence, C. , & A ; Wagner, R. K. ( 2007 ) . Vocabulary Acquisition: A Primer. In Wagner, R. K. , Muse, A. E. , & A ; Tannenbaum, K. R. , Vocabulary Acquisition: Deductions for Reading Comprehension ( pp. 1-11 ) . New York, London: The Guilford Press. Pikulski, J. J. , & A ; Templeton, S ( 2004 ) . Teaching and Developing Vocabulary: Cardinal to Long-run Reading Success. Current Research in reading / linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, 1-12. Retrieved from Houghton Mifflin. Rush, K. L. ( 1999 ) . Caregiver-Child Interactions and Early Literacy Development of Preschool Children From Low-Income Environments. Subjects in Early Childhood Special Education, 19 ( 3 ) , 3-14. Department of the interior: 10.1177/027112149901900101 Sinatra, R. ( 2008 ) . ‘Creating a civilization of vocabulary acquisition for kids populating in poorness ‘ . Journal of Children and Poverty, 14 ( 2 ) , 173-192. Department of the interior: 10.1080/10796120802336001 Snow, C. E. , & A ; Kim, Y.-S. ( 2007 ) . Large Problems Spaces: The Challenge of Vocabulary for English Language Learners. In Wagner, R. K. , Muse, A. E. , & A ; Tannenbaum, K. R. , Vocabulary Acquisition: Deductions for Reading Comprehension ( pp. 123-136 ) . New York, London: The Guilford Press. Steinberg, D. D. & A ; Sciarini, N. V ( 2006 ) . Bilingualism, Intelligence, Transfer, and Learning Strategies. Second ( Ed. ) , An Introduction to Psycholinguistics ( pp. 160-173 ) . Great Britain: Pearson Education Limited. Thordardottir, E. T. , Weismer, S. E. , & A ; Smith, M. E. ( 1997 ) . Vocabulary acquisition in bilingual and monolingual clinical intercession. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 13 ( 3 ) , 215-225. Department of the interior: 10.1177/026565909701300301

Reconstruction Essay essays

Reconstruction Essay essays Reconstruction was the period of repair after the civil war. It was to repair the North and South, politically, socially, and economically. It was also to rejoin the South back into the union, as it had succeeded during the civil war. President Lincoln wanted to let the South come back to the union and make them pay for it, however the radical republicans wanted to make the South pay for succeeding in the first place and causing the union all the problems. Reconstruction was a dark era of total failure in the governments attempts to create a truly democratic society. When the black slaves were freed, Congress passed three new amendments. First was the thirteenth amendment, the abolition of slavery, second was the fourteenth amendment was that it granted black males citizenship, and third was the fifteenth amendment that granted black males the right to vote. This may sound great and a wonderful achievement, however these amendments were soon forgotten in the South. In 1877, the right to was effectively stripped from the black males. The wealthy whites in the South made sure that black males could not vote. They created poll taxes that black males had to pay. Most of them could not afford it because they were poor and could not get work anywhere. Even if you were a rich black, the money was due weeks in advance and blacks were never reminded that the money was due. They also placed polling places in white communities so as blacks would not be able to get in, they used sign posts to confuse blacks and send them to the wrong place. They used the literacy test as a means of preventing blacks from voting. They would ask black males the most impossible questions about the constitution that not even they knew and would fail them. While whites would get easy questions that anyone could answer. They also used the grandfather clause as well to strip black males of their voting rights ...

The Grave by The Handpost by Thomas Hardy and Drunkard Of The River by Michael Anthony Essays

The Grave by The Handpost by Thomas Hardy and Drunkard Of The River by Michael Anthony Essays The Grave by The Handpost by Thomas Hardy and Drunkard Of The River by Michael Anthony Paper The Grave by The Handpost by Thomas Hardy and Drunkard Of The River by Michael Anthony Paper Essay Topic: Literature I am going to be comparing two short stories. The first story The Grave by The Handpost by Thomas Hardy, which was written in the ninth century; the other story was Drunkard Of The River which was written by Michael Anthony in the twentieth century. The Grave By The Handpost is set in a rural area called Wessex in England. The river Ortoire on the Caribbean island of Trinidad sets Michael Anthonys story Drunkard Of The River. The Grave By The Handpost and Drunkard Of The River have some differences, both the stories are written approximately one hundred years apart; but they also have similarities. The father son relationships, both stories are about regretting something, which has happened. Also they both have parts of the story that is in dialect. The Grave By The Handpost is about a man called Sargent Holway, who committed suicide. Sargent Holway committed suicide because he had a son who wanted to become a mechanic in spite of his fathers wish for him to follow in his footsteps and join the army. He persuaded his son Luke to go and join the army overseas but as a result of this he had a terrible time. He dreaded being in the army and sent a letter to his father telling his father that he hates him for making him join the army and he has made his life miserable we know this because Luke says that his life was a burden and a slavery, and bitterly criticized his father for advising him to embark on a career for which he felt unsuited. As a result of Luke sending his father the letter his father felt so upset that he shot himself in his head with his own shotgun. Because he committed suicide his body had to be buried at a crossroad because some Christians at that time believed that if you committed suicide you were not allowed to be buried in a graveyard so sergeant Holway had to be buried at a crossroad so the devil cannot take his soul. His son Luke Holway came back from the army a couple of days after his fathers death, he was told that his father had committed suicide due to his letter. Luke felt really upset that he was the reason why his father had committed suicide. Luke decided to try and restore his fathers honour, he tried to do this by removing his fathers corpse from the crossroads and move it to a churchyard down the road. However just when he was about to move his fathers corpse he was recalled back to the army; Luke Holway chose to go back to the army because he thought it would make his father proud. We know this because Luke said Ill try to show myself to be what my father wished me so Luke left the reburying of his father to the men of the choir. However when the choir dug up sergeant Holways corpse they found a large wooden stake through his heart, which in conclusion made it impossible to move the corpse, so they left the corpse at the crossroad. As the years passed by the priest of the church and all the men of the choir died. Luke Holway came back once again and could not find neither the choir men nor the priest so he went to the graveyard to see if he could find his fathers tombstone but could not find any trace of his fathers body in the graveyard. He then discovered that his fathers body still lay at the crossroad. Luke was very upset and lived in a cottage for years until he too committed suicide by shooting himself, before Luke killed himself he wrote a note requesting to be buried at the crossroad beside his father but by the time the note had been retrieved Luke Holways body had been buried in the local graveyard! The story Drunkard Of The River is about a boy called Sona, he is sent from his home up the river Ortoire by his mother to collect his father Mano from Assings shop in the village where he has been drinking heavily and is drunk. Sona is at home when his mother tells him to go and collect his father from Assings shop. When Sona was told this he got angry because he hated his father but his mother still loved Sonas father Mano as she said In her eyes he was still young. He did not grow old it was she who had aged. Sona left his home got out a boat and paddled up the river to the village; he got to Assings shop and Mano was drunk and making a fool of himself. Sona told his father Mano to come home but this enraged Mano and he said So, you is me father now, eh? in his drunken rage Mano staggered towards his son. Mano kicked Sona in his stomach and it took three people to hold back Mano he is me father now him modder send him for me struggling even more than ever Ill kill him, so help me God, Ill kill him! Mano then got on the boat with his son Sona. When they were on the boat; there was an indication in the story that Sona did something bad but it does not say what had happened in the context. Sona got home wi thout his father; his mother became suspicious and wanted to know where Sonas father Mano was. Sonas reply was He out there, sleeping he drunk. But when Sonas mother called for Mano, Sona was panic stricken and fled! A narrator looking back on the past tells The Grave By The Handpost is in the form of a flash back. Drunkard Of The River describes events as they happen and the writer leaves readers to work out things for themselves such as in the end of the story you do not know exactly what happened to Mano (in fact Sona pushed his father Mano into the river Ortoire). Micheal Anthony does not say what Sona had done to raise more sympathy for Sona and try to make the audience understand why Sona did it. The style which I prefer is the one which Micheal Anthony used because it makes you wonder what could of happened, it makes you understand why Sona did what he did and what frame of mind he was in when he did it. The main characters in The Grave By The Handpost are sergeant Holway and Luke Holway. Sargent Holway is an army veteran; he would like his son Luke to follow in his footsteps and become like him. Luke Holway is the son of sergeant Holway he wants to become a car mechanic but his father forced him to join the army. Luke hated it when he went to join the army overseas; Luke was not really built for the army. The main characters in Drunkard Of The River are Sona and Mano; Sona is a young boy who really hates his father also he dont understand why anyone could like his father especially his mother moreover Sona could not see why she bothered about his father at all for Mano was stupid and worthless and made their lives miserable. Sona is really distressed and feels he has no other alternative but to sort out his father himself Sona Often in silence he had shaken his fist and said, one day Ill.. Ill.. Mano is the father of Sona he is a very ignorant man who does not listen to his son and is not concerned about how he treats him. Mano always drinks heavily; he is an alcoholic. The relationship between characters; in particular the father son relations such as sergeant Holway and L uke Holway, and Sona and Mano, these relationships is one similarity between the two stories. These characters do not get on with each other; sergeant Holway committed suicide because of what Luke Holway had said about him; Sona could not stand his father Mano; Sona was getting fustrated by his father Mano until Sona had been pushed so far he murdered his father Mano. The characters in Drunkard Of The River are Mano, his wife, their son Sona and Assing the owner of the shop where Mano drinks. There are also some villagers. Mano is the father of Sona; Mano is a drunk, an alcoholic and a very unreliable father. Sona hates his father they have a very dysfunctional relationship. Sona is the son of Mano he is angry that Mano is a drunk and not a proper father. Sonas mother is a very distressed woman, she loves Mano and thinks she has changed not Mano in her eyes he was still young. He did not grow old it was she who had aged. He had only turned out badly. In the Grave By The Handpost the action takes place in three main places; Long Ash Lane Crossroads, Chalk Newton and Chalk Newton Church Yard. Drunkard Of The River is set in a small village on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. We know this because Sona and his family live by the river Ortoire; we can tell it is set on a Caribbean island because of the dialect they use when they speak. In the story The Grave By The Handpost there are parts of the story where the characters do not speak Standard English; they speak Wessex dialect such as when Lot Swanhills said who mid ye be a burying there? which means who will be buried there. Also when Erza Cattstock says Jown it- weve never played to a dead man afore which in standard English is Damn it-we have never played for a dead man before. Moreover there is a part in the story when a man says to Luke Holway no, no dont ye take on so, young man which translates into Dont you get so angry young man. The writer Thomas Hardy does this to show that it is set in the countryside and to add to the effect of the story being set in a rural part of England. In the story Drunkard Of The River there are phrases which are not spoken in standard English but spoken in island d ialect such as when Sona said Ma say to come home which means Mother said come home; also when Mano says to Sona So you is me father now, eh which in standard English is so you are my father now. Micheal Anthony chose to do this to add to the effect of being on the island of Trinidad. An important event that happened in The Grave By The Handpost is when sergeant Holway receives a letter from from his son Luke Holway telling him how much he hates him and it is his fathers fault why he despises his life, this was a key thing because this was the cause of sergeant Holway committing suicide. Another key event that happened in the story is when Luke went off to join the army after his father had committed suicide Luke left the reburying of his father to the men of the choir to do. But they were frightened that when they dug up the grave at the crossroad they would find that a stake (which would have been put through his heart to prevent the devil taking his soul) had been put through sergeant Holway heart which would make it impossible for the men of the choir to move sergeant Holways corpse. So they left the body at the crossroads. A few years later Luke had come back and discovered that his fathers body had not been moved; this was a key event because Luke Holway thought he had restored his fathers honour but he hadnt. Also a key moment in the story is when Luke Holway lived in a little cottage by himself because he was depressed about his father. Luke committed suicide because he wanted to join his father. Luke left a note when he died saying he wanted to be buried at the crossroads beside his father but by the time the note was read his body was buried in the graveyard. This was an important factor because it shows the readers to what depth Luke Holway had sunk to during his depression and it also reveals how he never forgave himself for his fathers death. I think the most important events, which happened throughout Drunkard Of The River, are when Sona goes to Assings shop to collect his father but his father Mano gets angry and kicks him in the stomach. This is an important event because it changes the mood of the story and makes Sonas hatred for Mano build up even more inside. Another important event is when Sona and Mano are on the boat going home, but Sona arrives home by himself. When Sonas mother asks where Mano is; Sona starts to panic and runs away. This is also a key event because it shows us that Sona had done something bad and that Sona could have possibly killed his father Mano.

Use of new technologies by traditional businesses-Information Essay

Use of new technologies by traditional businesses-Information technology management - Essay Example The state of competition requires that the business use some of the most inexpensive business tools technology available in the market and in the internet world. Some of these technologies are even costless. Many of them are inexpensive and can be afforded by small businesses. What are some of the most modern internet communication technology and services that can be accessed by a small business firm, particularly that one that is engaged in motorcycle sales and repair business? In short, what are some of the technological tools available for a motorcycle sales and repair business? How can one access the technology? How much would the technological tools costs? What are the applications for the business? These are the key concerns of this short report. We focus on five tools that can be used by small firms engaged in motorcycle sales and repairs businesses: the social networking sites, website, softwares for motorcycle diagnostics, Iphone, and the iPads. Description. Social networking sites are sites from which one can reach thousands of people on a daily basis. The social networking sites are many. One of the groups monitoring the social networking sites, the Selfgrowth.com, reported that the top social networking sites are Facebook with 500 million members, MySpace with 130 million members, and Friendster with 90 million members. Self-growth.com mentioned that Twitter is a fast-growing networking site that managed to grow so fast in a matter of a few months. Twitter allows one to send messages of more than 140 characters through SMS but current improvements in Facebook allows the user to change â€Å"status† or â€Å"messages† via SMS on a 24-hours/7-days-a-week basis. Cost. The additional cost of using the social networking sites are practically costless. Businesses usually have a computer and usually have access to the internet. A business can allocate one or two hours for social networking and it is feasible to pay the person executing

Oedipus the King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oedipus the King - Essay Example The actual story line of the play is not at all new to the audience. Sophohocles was impressed by the ancient story of Oedipus Rex and, though with some variations, he brought this dramatic irony to the audience with a strong message of inevitable fate. The writer grabs every opportunity to make the best use of this dramatic irony as the most impactful scenes of the play can only create the difference when the audience is already aware of the basic story line. Oedipus, the man of great insight, mostly discusses the blindness and sight in the play, which makes it a dramatic irony. Audience is well informed about the fact that it is the Oedipus who is not aware regarding the reality of his life that is held responsible for his decline. In the play, Oedipus said to the priest about the dying and damaging condition of Thebes that he is very much aware, although he was actually not: †I pity you. I see-how could I fail to see What longings bring you here? Well I know† (70-71) O edipus makes all the conscious efforts to unveil the reality and knows about the truth but the audience perceives that he is just a mere puppet in the hands of pre-written fate. The irony at some places makes the audience believe that Oedipus willingly brings the disastrous condition upon him by uncovering the reality. Another example is when Oedipus said: â€Å"You should have searched. ... Oedipus’s efforts to know his own identity and to change the determined fate represent the main idea behind the play, but it is the bitter reality that fate cannot be changed by the humans and, therefore, the reality makes the Oedipus an example of pity and fear. In the beginning, the fine characteristics of Oedipus make the audience feel like he is the most desirable leader who wants to free his nation from the plague. He becomes the king of Thebes by answering the riddle of Sphinx. The citizens of Thebes are now falling dead, the crops are getting withered, women and newborns are dying because of the plague. The inhabitants of Thebes want to get relieved from this curse by gathering around and praying to God. Oedipus calls the priest to know the reason of the gathering and gets an answer to save Thebes from dying. Being sorrowed, he asks his brother in law Creon to go to Delphic oracle to get the answer of how to control this plague. Creon comes with an answer from the oracl e to eliminate the corruption from Thebes and also narrates that murderer of the former king Laius is in Thebes, which means finding and killing the murderer will restore peace in the city. He further tells Oedipus about the murder of Laius that there is only one person alive in the attack who has mentioned that the king was murdered by a group of thieves. On asking the reason for slow investigation, Creon gives the reason that due to the tension caused by riddle of Sphinx they were unable to focus on solving the murder issue. In this way, Oedipus takes the stand to find out the real murderer to remove the plague. He is determined to punish the culprit even if he